Short answers, pulled from the story.
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar joined his brother Maulana Shaukat Ali to form the All India Khilafat Committee in 1920. Other founders included Hakim Ajmal Khan, Abul Kalam Azad, and Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari. The organization operated from Lucknow at Hathe Shaukat Ali until the movement ended in 1922.
The non-cooperation movement ended in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident occurred. This event led to the arrest of Gandhi, the Ali brothers, and other leaders by the colonial government. The movement weakened as Muslims divided between working for the Congress, the Khilafat cause, and the Muslim League.
Mahatma Gandhi formed an alliance with Khilafat leaders in 1920 to fight for both Swaraj and the caliphate. The campaign began with boycotts of legislative councils, government schools, colleges, and foreign goods. Massive protests and strikes spread across India while Hindus and Muslims joined forces peacefully.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the position of the caliphate entirely in 1924 through his reforms. He had previously led the Turkish national movement during the War of Independence from 1919 to 1923. Atatürk also abolished the Treaty of Sèvres with the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
The movement marked the first time a major number of Sindhi pirs united on a common platform against British policy. Their involvement threatened to undermine the position of British colonial rule in Sindh significantly. Pan-Islamic sentiment rose during the years leading up to 1919 affecting many religious leaders.