Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic emerged on the 5th of December 1936. It transformed from the earlier Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic which had been established on the 26th of August 1920.
Stalin ordered forced collectivization that settled the largely nomadic population onto collective farms. This policy combined with Trofim Lysenko's agricultural theories caused the deadly Kazakh famine of 1930, 1933 where one to two million people died.
Filipp Goloshchyokin led the newly created republic with an iron grip from 1925 until 1933. He operated with virtually no interference from Moscow during his tenure while overseeing the construction of the Turkestan-Siberia railway.
Riots broke out for four days between the 16th and the 19th of December 1986 by student demonstrators in Brezhnev Square. Events spilled over into other cities including Shymkent Pavlodar Karaganda and Taldykorgan.
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Republic of Kazakhstan on the 10th of December 1991. It declared independence six days later becoming the last republic to secede from the USSR before the Soviet Union officially ceased to exist on the 26th of December 1991.