Short answers, pulled from the story.
Invention of the karaoke machine is contested and usually credited to either Daisuke Inoue of Japan or Roberto del Rosario of the Philippines. Inoue built his "8 Juke" in Kobe in 1971, while del Rosario claimed his "Sing-Along System" in 1975. Other claimants include Shigeichi Negishi, who said he built one in 1967, and Toshiharu Yamashita.
Karaoke is a Japanese term first attested in 1977. It describes interactive entertainment where people sing along to a pre-recorded instrumental version of a well-known song using a microphone, with lyrics displayed on a video screen.
The global karaoke market has been estimated to be worth nearly $10 billion.
A KTV is a karaoke establishment in mainland China and Taiwan, where the term stands for karaoke television. A noraebang is the South Korean equivalent, a private sound-proof singing room whose name combines norae, meaning song, and bang, meaning room.
The My Way killings refer to at least half a dozen killings in the Philippines of people singing Frank Sinatra's "My Way" in karaoke bars. The pattern led local newspapers to coin the term, and some bars refused to allow the song while some singers avoided it among strangers.
Daisuke Inoue was awarded the tongue-in-cheek Ig Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for inventing karaoke, cited for providing an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other. He never patented his machine and did not profit significantly from karaoke's global rise.