Short answers, pulled from the story.
JPMorgan Chase was created in 2000 by the merger of J.P. Morgan & Co. and Chase Manhattan Company. Its oldest predecessor, the Bank of the Manhattan Company, was established on the 1st of September 1799 by Aaron Burr, who inserted a banking clause into a water-supply charter to circumvent the requirement for a separate state legislative act.
The largest bank failure in American history was Washington Mutual, seized by the Office of Thrift Supervision on the 25th of September 2008. JPMorgan Chase purchased Washington Mutual's assets, secured debt obligations, and deposits from the FDIC that same night for $1.836 billion.
The London Whale loss stemmed from large credit default swap positions taken by JPMorgan trader Bruno Iksil in 2012. JPMorgan initially reported $2 billion in losses in May 2012, revised the figure to $4.4 billion in July, and the final realized loss was $6 billion. The bank paid $920 million in fines to American and UK regulators in September 2013 and admitted breaking American securities law.
JPMorgan Chase agreed to a $13 billion settlement with the Justice Department in November 2013 related to mortgage-backed securities sold between 2005 and 2007. Of that total, $9 billion was penalties and fines and $4 billion was consumer relief.
JPMorgan Chase maintained banking accounts for Jeffrey Epstein, earning $8 million in fees from him in 2003 alone, and continued the relationship even after his 2011 conviction. In June 2023, the bank agreed to pay $290 million to settle a class-action lawsuit alleging it benefited from and ignored evidence of Epstein's sex trafficking. A separate $75 million settlement with the United States Virgin Islands Department of Justice followed in September 2023.
On the 19th of April 2021, JPMorgan pledged $5 billion toward the European Super League, a breakaway football competition that would have guaranteed founding clubs permanent entry without threat of relegation. After widespread condemnation from supporters, football federations, and governments, the proposal collapsed and JPMorgan apologized for its role. CEO Jamie Dimon said the company "kind of missed" that supporters would respond negatively.