Short answers, pulled from the story.
Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor entered the world at two in the morning on Monday, the 13th of March 1741. He was born inside Vienna's Hofburg palace which served as the principal house and administrative center for the Habsburg dynasty.
Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor automatically became emperor when his father Francis I died after a seizure in August 1765 yet held little true power initially. Maria Theresa remained the actual ruler of the Austrian hereditary dominions while allowing him only limited authority over the army treasury and court administration until she died on the 29th of November 1780.
Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor issued over 6,000 edicts plus 11,000 new laws designed to regulate every aspect of the empire within months of gaining full control. His domestic agenda included secularizing church lands reducing religious orders to complete submission to the state issuing the Patent of Toleration in 1781 making German the compulsory language of official business throughout the Habsburg Monarchy and abolishing serfdom in 1781.
In the autumn of 1788 the Emperor returned to Vienna already unwell suffering from what is now believed to be exudative pulmonary tuberculosis which tormented him for eight months with constant fever coughing fits shortness of breath and chest pains. On the night of the 19th of February 1790 he was able to sleep for a few hours thanks to painkillers before waking at five o'clock to ask for his confessor and dying five minutes later.
Historical interpretations of Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor have evolved significantly over centuries starting with false Constantinople letters that erroneously augmented his memory creating a larger-than-life impression of him as a radical philosophe like Voltaire or Diderot. Hungarian historian Henrik Marczali published a three-volume study in 1888 portraying Joseph as a Liberal hero while Russian scholar Pavel Pavlovich Mitrofanov set a standard in 1907 claiming his liberalism was a myth driven by pure power politics.