Short answers, pulled from the story.
Joseph Aspdin was an English bricklayer, businessman, inventor, and stonemason who obtained the patent for Portland cement on the 21st of October 1824. He was born in the Hunslet district of Leeds, Yorkshire, the eldest of six children of Thomas Aspdin, a bricklayer.
Joseph Aspdin was granted British Patent number 5022 on the 21st of October 1824, titled for an improved method of producing an artificial stone. He signed the patent specification on the 15th of December 1824, and it was enrolled on the 18th of December 1824.
Joseph Aspdin named his invention Portland cement because the set mortar it produced resembled "the best Portland stone," an oolitic limestone quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset. Portland stone was the most prestigious building stone in use in England at the time.
No. Joseph Aspdin's 1824 patent describes a fast-setting, low-strength cement fired at a low temperature, aimed at stuccos and pre-cast mouldings, with no alite, the compound that gives modern cement its strength. His son William later introduced a substantially stronger, modified recipe at his Rotherhithe plant in 1843, described as the first "modern" Portland cement.
In 1841, Joseph Aspdin went into partnership with his other son, James, and publicly stated that William was no longer his agent and could not incur debts on the firm's behalf. William subsequently set up his own competing cement plant at Rotherhithe, near London, in 1843.
Joseph Aspdin started his own business in central Leeds by 1817, then built a cement plant in Kirkgate, Wakefield, in 1825 with partner William Beverley. After that site was compulsorily purchased by the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company in 1838, he moved his equipment to a second Kirkgate location nearby.