Short answers, pulled from the story.
John Taverner (c. 1490-1545) was an English composer and organist regarded as one of the most important English composers of his era. He is best known for the Missa Gloria tibi Trinitas and The Western Wynde Mass, and his Missa Corona Spinea is also considered a masterwork.
Taverner became the first Organist and Master of the Choristers at Christ Church, Oxford, appointed by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey in 1526. The college had been founded in 1525 under the name Cardinal College.
The In nomine is a genre of English instrumental music that grew from a specific passage in Taverner's Missa Gloria tibi Trinitas. The four-part setting of the words "in nomine" in the Benedictus became popular as a standalone instrumental work for viol consort, and other composers began writing new pieces modelled on it, all bearing the name In nomine.
The Western Wynde Mass is unusual because Taverner based it on a popular song rather than plainchant, and he distributed the theme across each of the four parts (excepting the alto) rather than keeping it in one voice. The theme is repeated nine times in each of the mass's four sections.
It is often said that after leaving Oxford, Taverner worked as an agent of Thomas Cromwell assisting in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, but the veracity of this claim is now thought to be highly questionable. What is documented is that he settled in Boston, Lincolnshire, served as an alderman in his final months, and had previously been treasurer of the Corpus Christi Gild.
Taverner is buried with his wife Rose Parrowe under the belltower at Boston Parish Church in Boston, Lincolnshire. Rose outlived him until 1553.