Short answers, pulled from the story.
John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, political economist, politician, and civil servant who lived from the 20th of May 1806 to the 7th of May 1873. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy called him the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century, and he was a central figure in liberalism and social liberalism.
John Stuart Mill's harm principle holds that the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over a member of a civilized community against his will is to prevent harm to others. He stated it in On Liberty in 1859, arguing that a person's own physical or moral good is not sufficient warrant for interference, and that over his own body and mind the individual is sovereign.
John Stuart Mill held that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness and wrong as they tend to produce its reverse. His major contribution was distinguishing higher pleasures, which are intellectual, moral, and aesthetic, from lower sensational pleasures, captured in his line that it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.
Yes. In 1866 John Stuart Mill became the second person in the history of Parliament, after Henry Hunt, to call for women to be given the right to vote. He co-authored The Subjection of Women, published in 1869, and as a Member of Parliament introduced an unsuccessful amendment to the Reform Bill to substitute the word person for the word man.
John Stuart Mill was educated by his father, James Mill, in an extremely rigorous program designed to create a genius. He was taught Greek at age three, had read the whole of Herodotus and six dialogues of Plato by age eight, and began Latin, Euclid, and algebra at eight, becoming schoolmaster to his younger siblings.
John Stuart Mill began as a believer in free markets and once called progressive taxation a mild form of robbery, but his views shifted toward socialism. He added chapters to his Principles of Political Economy defending socialist causes, proposed abolishing the wage system in favour of worker cooperatives, and wrote that his ideal would class him decidedly under the general designation of Socialists.
John Stuart Mill died on the 7th of May 1873, at the age of sixty-six, of erysipelas in Avignon, France. He was buried alongside his wife, Harriet Taylor Mill, and bequeathed his estate to his stepdaughter Helen Taylor, whom he named his literary executor.