Short answers, pulled from the story.
John William Coltrane was born on the 23rd of September 1926, in his parents' apartment at 200 Hamlet Avenue in Hamlet, North Carolina. He grew up in High Point, North Carolina, and attended William Penn High School.
A Love Supreme, recorded in December 1964 and released in 1965, is Coltrane's most acclaimed album. It is a four-part suite conceived as an ode to his faith in God, composed at his home in Dix Hills on Long Island. The album was certified gold in Japan in 1972 and in the United States in 2001.
Coltrane died of liver cancer at the age of 40 on the 17th of July 1967, at Huntington Hospital on Long Island. Biographers and doctors attributed his illness to hepatitis likely contracted during his years of heroin addiction.
Coltrane changes refers to the chord progressions Coltrane developed and used on the title track of his 1960 album Giant Steps. The progression is considered one of the most difficult of any widely played jazz composition, requiring improvisers to navigate rapid harmonic movement across multiple key centers.
A congregation in San Francisco began worshipping Coltrane as a spiritual figure after his death. After affiliating with the African Orthodox Church, his status was changed from god to saint, resulting in the St. John Coltrane African Orthodox Church. The church incorporates his music and lyrics as prayers in its liturgy, and Coltrane himself had said in a 1966 interview that he hoped to be "a saint" in five years.
Coltrane received a posthumous Grammy for Best Jazz Solo Performance in 1982 and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. In 2007, he was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize citing his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz." He was also inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2009.