Short answers, pulled from the story.
John Arbuthnot introduced the character of John Bull to the public in 1712. He published a pamphlet titled Law is a Bottomless Pit and released The History of John Bull that same year.
During the Georgian period, John Bull wore a buff-coloured waistcoat and a simple frock coat. His attire included light-coloured breeches and a top hat with a shallow crown which indicated his middle-class identity.
Yaqub Sanu depicted John Bull as a coarse ignorant drunken bully who pushed around ordinary Egyptians while stealing their wealth. These drawings highlighted Bull's alcoholism crass rudeness and ignorance about everything except alcohol.
The function of representing the common man was largely taken over by Tommy Atkins during the First World War. Sidney Strube created the suburban Little Man to replace him in the interwar years.
Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope were friends with John Arbuthnot and helped shape the early reception of this new figure. They contributed to the satirical works targeting Whig politics and foreign policy.