Short answers, pulled from the story.
John Aubrey (the 12th of March 1626 - the 7th of June 1697) was an English antiquary, natural philosopher, and writer. He is best known for Brief Lives, a collection of biographical sketches of eminent figures, and for his systematic examination of the Avebury henge monument in Wiltshire.
The Aubrey holes at Stonehenge are named after John Aubrey, who observed features at the site. There is, however, considerable doubt as to whether the holes he originally recorded are the same ones that now bear his name.
John Aubrey discovered the megalithic remains at Avebury in 1649. He later mapped and described the site in his archaeological collection Monumenta Britannica, and in 1663 he guided Charles II around the monument at the King's request.
Aubrey and Wood collaborated for years, with Aubrey supplying biographical notes for Wood's Athenae Oxonienses. The relationship deteriorated after Wood extracted and pasted pages from Aubrey's manuscripts into his own proofs. In 1692 Aubrey complained that Wood had mutilated forty pages of his work. Wood later described Aubrey as "a shiftless person, roving and magotie-headed."
The only work Aubrey published during his lifetime was Miscellanies (1696), a collection of twenty-one short chapters on supernatural phenomena and the occult, including topics such as omens, prophecies, and second sight. It was reprinted with additions in 1721.
The definitive scholarly edition is Kate Bennett (ed.), Brief Lives with An Apparatus for the Lives of our English Mathematical Writers, published in two volumes by Oxford in 2015. At the time of publication, scholar Michael Hunter described it as "the edition we have been waiting for."