Short answers, pulled from the story.
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period, born in Eisenach in 1685 and died in 1750. He is acclaimed as one of the greatest composers of classical music, known for works including the Brandenburg Concertos, the St. Matthew Passion, and the Mass in B minor.
Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, on the 21st of March 1685. He was the eighth and youngest child of Johann Ambrosius Bach, the town's director of musicians, and his wife Maria Elisabeth.
Johann Sebastian Bach died on the 28th of July 1750 at the age of 65, from complications following unsuccessful eye surgery. He had a stroke a few days before his death, and his eye operations were performed by the British surgeon John Taylor, widely understood today as a charlatan.
Bach worked as a church and court musician in Arnstadt, Mühlhausen, and Weimar, then as Kapellmeister to Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Köthen from 1717. From 1723 until his death he was Thomaskantor in Leipzig, directing music for four churches and the St. Thomas School for 27 years.
Felix Mendelssohn's 1829 performance of the St. Matthew Passion precipitated the Bach Revival. After that, Bach was widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in Western music, with the Bach-Gesellschaft founded in 1850 to promote and publish his complete works.
Bach is known for his mastery of counterpoint, especially canon and fugue, heard in The Musical Offering and The Art of Fugue. He wrote hundreds of cantatas, plus organ, keyboard, orchestral, and chamber works, and contributed to a keyboard temperament allowing music in all 24 major and minor keys, demonstrated in The Well-Tempered Clavier.