Short answers, pulled from the story.
Brendan Eich created JavaScript in just ten days during May of 1995. The language was initially named LiveScript when the beta version shipped in September 1995 before receiving its official title in December 1995.
Netscape executives chose to name the language JavaScript for marketing reasons rather than technical ones. They wanted to capitalize on the popularity of Java during the dot-com boom even though the two languages were fundamentally distinct.
Ecma International released the first ECMAScript specification in June 1997 after Netscape submitted JavaScript to them in November 1996. Subsequent versions followed including ECMAScript 2 in June 1998 and ECMAScript 3 in December 1999.
Ryan Dahl created Node.js in 2009 as a runtime system that combined the V8 engine with an event loop and I/O APIs. This architecture allows developers to run JavaScript code independently from web browsers using environments like Electron or embedded systems.
JavaScript uses an event loop mechanism described as run to completion where the runtime processes messages from a queue one at a time. Each message creates a call stack frame containing function arguments and local variables before the next message is considered.