Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines lasted from 1942 to 1945. Japan launched its invasion on the 8th of December 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the occupation continued until Japan's formal surrender on the 2nd of September 1945.
The Bataan Death March was the forced transfer of around 80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war after the surrender of Bataan on the 9th of April 1942. Prisoners were marched 105 kilometers north to Camp O'Donnell in Capas, Tarlac, and between 7,000 and 10,000 died or were murdered along the route.
An estimated 527,000 Filipinos, both military and civilian, died from all causes during the Japanese occupation. Of those, between 131,000 and 164,000 were killed in seventy-two documented war crime events, while 336,500 deaths were attributed to war-related famine.
The resistance was led by multiple commanders across the archipelago. Colonel Wendell Fertig organized roughly 38,000 guerrillas on Mindanao. Colonel Macario Peralta led forces on Panay and restored radio contact with MacArthur's command in November 1942. Luis Taruc led the Hukbalahap in Central Luzon, which had armed around 30,000 people by the end of the war.
Japan declared the Philippines a nominally independent republic in October 1943. The puppet republic was headed by President Jose P. Laurel, and the only permitted political party was the Japanese-organized KALIBAPI. Collaboration in the puppet government had begun earlier under Jorge B. Vargas, who served as mayor of the City of Greater Manila.
General MacArthur returned to the Philippines on the 20th of October 1944, landing on the island of Leyte with a force of 700 vessels and 174,000 men. He had left the Philippines on the night of the 11th of March 1942, under orders to proceed to Australia.