Short answers, pulled from the story.
Japan Airlines began its journey on the 25th of October 1951 with an inaugural flight from Tokyo to Nagoya. The airline was officially established on the 1st of August 1951 with an initial capital of ¥100 million.
Japan Airlines operated its first international flight on the 2nd of February 1954 using a Douglas DC-6B named City of Tokyo. This flight carried 18 passengers from Tokyo to San Francisco via Wake Island and Honolulu.
Japan Airlines was completely privatized in 1987 following government deregulation of the airline industry. The airline reorganized into three divisions including international passenger service, domestic passenger service, and cargo service.
Japan Airlines applied for protection under the Corporate Rehabilitation Law on the 19th of January 2010. The airline received a ¥300 billion cash injection and had debts worth ¥730 billion waived as part of the restructuring.
Japan Airlines joined the Oneworld alliance on the 1st of April 2007 together with Malév and Royal Jordanian. The airline applied to join the alliance on the 25th of October 2005 to further develop its group and provide better service to customers.