Short answers, pulled from the story.
Japan Airlines Co. was established on the 1st of August 1951 by the Japanese government, which recognised the need for a reliable air transportation system to aid Japan's post-war recovery. The airline was founded with an initial capital of 100 million yen and was headquartered in Ginza, Tokyo.
Japan Airlines applied for bankruptcy protection on the 19th of January 2010 under Japan's Corporate Rehabilitation Law. It received a 300 billion yen cash injection and had 730 billion yen in debts waived, in exchange for cutting its capital to zero and reducing its workforce by 15,700 employees, a third of its 47,000 total.
Kazuo Inamori was the founder of Kyocera and KDDI, recruited as JAL's CEO after the 2010 bankruptcy. Transport minister Seiji Maehara personally visited Kyocera's headquarters in late 2009 to persuade Inamori to accept the role, with the task force believing a proven entrepreneur was needed to fix the airline's deep structural problems.
The tsurumaru logo depicts a Japanese red-crowned crane with wings extended in full flight. It was designed in 1958 by Jerry Huff, creative director at a San Francisco advertising agency, who was inspired by the personal crests of samurai families. Huff chose the crane because it mates for life, symbolising loyalty, and flies great distances without tiring, symbolising strength.
Japan Airlines completed its initial public offering on the Tokyo Stock Exchange on the 19th of September 2012. The Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan sold its entire 96.5% stake for 650 billion yen, exceeding its 350 billion yen investment from 2010.
Mitsuko Tottori became the first female president in Japan Airlines' history on the 1st of April 2024. She began her career as a flight attendant at Toa Domestic Airlines in 1985 and rose through more than three decades in cabin and safety roles before reaching the top position.