Short answers, pulled from the story.
Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry arrived in Uraga Harbor on the 8th of July 1853. He commanded four black-hulled steam frigates with orders from President Millard Fillmore to force an end to Japan's two-century-old policy of isolation.
Tensions rose sharply over Japanese immigration to California and Hawaii starting in 1907. Congress passed legislation banning all immigration from Japan by 1924, which angered Tokyo and fueled resentment among Japanese intellectuals.
General Douglas MacArthur led the Supreme Command of the Allied Powers during seven years of military occupation starting in 1945. Authorities pressured Emperor Hirohito into renouncing his divinity while disbanding the Japanese military and purging wartime leaders from government service.
Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida adopted a strategy known as the Yoshida Doctrine that prioritized economic reconstruction over military buildup. This approach relied heavily on security guarantees provided by the United States and emerged after the San Francisco Peace Treaty returned sovereignty to Japan on the 28th of April 1952.
Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi resigned because he was unable to guarantee President Dwight D. Eisenhower's safety during his planned visit. A violent clash at the Diet between protesters and police had led to the death of female university student Michiko Kanba on the 15th of June 1960.