Short answers, pulled from the story.
James VI became King of Scotland on the 24th of July 1567, at the age of thirteen months, after his mother Mary, Queen of Scots, was forced to abdicate. He was anointed at the Church of the Holy Rude in Stirling by Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney.
James became King of England and Ireland on the 24th of March 1603, when he succeeded his cousin Elizabeth I, who had died childless. He was the great-great-grandson of Henry VII of England, making him Elizabeth's closest living heir.
The Gunpowder Plot was a conspiracy by dissident Catholics to blow up Parliament. On the night of the 4th to the 5th of November 1605, Guy Fawkes was discovered guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder in the cellars of the Parliament buildings. Fawkes and others implicated were executed, and the plot strengthened James's resolve to control English Catholics.
The King James Bible is an English translation of the Bible commissioned at the Hampton Court Conference of 1604 to resolve discrepancies among translations then in use. It was completed in 1611 and is considered a masterpiece of Jacobean prose. It remains in widespread use today.
James's principal favourites were Esmé Stewart (whom he made Duke of Lennox), Robert Carr (Earl of Somerset), and George Villiers (Duke of Buckingham). Historians debate whether these relationships were sexual; a restoration of Apethorpe Hall in Northamptonshire, undertaken from 2004 to 2008, revealed a hidden passage linking the bedchambers of James and Villiers.
James authored several works, including Daemonologie (1597), The True Law of Free Monarchies (1598), and Basilikon Doron (1599). He also published a treatise on Scottish prosody in 1584 at the age of 18, and later wrote A Counterblaste to Tobacco in 1604.