Short answers, pulled from the story.
James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist and mathematician, born on the 13th of June 1831 and died on the 5th of November 1879. He was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.
James Clerk Maxwell is most famous for Maxwell's equations, which unified electricity, magnetism, and light and achieved the second great unification in physics after Isaac Newton. In his 1865 paper "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" he showed that electric and magnetic fields travel through space as waves at the speed of light, and his work led to the prediction of radio waves.
James Clerk Maxwell presented the world's first demonstration of colour photography during an 1861 Royal Institution lecture. Thomas Sutton photographed a tartan ribbon through red, green, and blue filters, and the three images were projected back through matching filters to reproduce the scene.
James Clerk Maxwell proved that Saturn's rings could not be solid or fluid and must instead be composed of numerous small particles, which he called "brick-bats," each orbiting independently. He won the £130 Adams Prize in 1859 for this work, and the Voyager flybys of the 1980s later confirmed his prediction.
Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment that James Clerk Maxwell proposed in 1867, imagining a being that sorts particles by energy and thereby appears to violate the second law of thermodynamics. It challenges how information affects entropy in thermodynamics.
James Clerk Maxwell died of abdominal cancer in Cambridge on the 5th of November 1879 at the age of 48. His first symptom was difficulty swallowing in April 1879, and his mother had died at the same age of the same type of cancer.
Albert Einstein described Maxwell's work as the "most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton." When told he had succeeded by standing on Newton's shoulders, Einstein replied, "No I don't. I stand on the shoulders of Maxwell."