Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ian Fleming began writing Casino Royale on the 17th of February 1952 at his Goldeneye estate in Oracabessa, Jamaica. He typed two thousand words each morning to distract himself from an upcoming wedding to Ann Charteris.
The character drew heavily from Fleming's wartime experiences in the Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War and was a compound of all secret agents and commando types he met during the conflict. His brother Peter served behind lines in Norway and Greece and provided one model for the character while Conrad O'Brien-ffrench influenced Bond's style.
Bond lives in a flat off the King's Road in Chelsea which is looked after by an elderly Scottish housekeeper named May Maxwell. Her name came from May Maxwell the housekeeper of Fleming's close friend Ivar Bryce.
John Pearson's fictional biography gives Bond a birth date of the 11th of November 1920 while scholar John Griswold places it on the 11th of November 1921. The text does not specify when these biographies were published but confirms the conflicting dates exist within the source material.
Eon Productions released Dr No in 1962 featuring Sean Connery as 007 which marked the first cinema adaptation of a Fleming novel. Seven actors have played Bond on the cinema screen with six appearing in the Eon series of films including David Niven George Lazenby Roger Moore Timothy Dalton Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig.