Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Jerusalem first appears in Egyptian Execration texts from the 19th century BCE as Rušalimum. Archaeological evidence points to a settlement near the Gihon Spring dating back to the 4th millennium BCE.
Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism for roughly three thousand years since King David proclaimed it his capital. Christianity reveres the city for its Old Testament history and the life of Jesus while Islam considers Jerusalem the third-holiest city after Mecca and Medina.
Throughout its long history Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice and besieged twenty-three times. It was captured and recaptured forty-four times and attacked fifty-two times according to Eric H. Cline's tally.
Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital city though neither claim is widely recognized internationally. Under the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine Jerusalem was to be established as a corpus separatum under special international regime.
In 2020 the population reached 951,100 with Jews comprising 570,100 or 59.9 percent. Muslims numbered 353,800 making up 37.2 percent of residents while Christians accounted for 16,300 people representing 1.7 percent of the total.