Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov entered the world on the 26th of September 1849 in the town of Ryazan. He was the first child among ten siblings born to a village priest named Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov and his wife Varvara Ivanovna Uspenskaya.
The Nobel Committee awarded him the Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for this work on digestion. These experiments ran for twelve years before he published The Work of the Digestive Glands in 1897.
This observation led to the formulation of what he called the conditioned reflex theory alongside his assistant Ivan Tolochinov in 1901. Tolochinov had previously termed the phenomenon reflex at a distance during a Congress of Natural Sciences meeting in Helsinki.
He renamed them as the strong and impetuous type, the strong equilibrated and quiet type, the strong equilibrated and lively type, and the weak type. These biomarkers allowed him to derive four distinct temperament types from existing medical classifications like choleric or phlegmatic.
The Pavlov Institute of Physiology was founded by him in 1925 and named after him following his death. He maintained a critical stance toward Soviet Communism despite receiving significant state support and praise from Vladimir Lenin.