Short answers, pulled from the story.
An itinerarium was an ancient Roman travel guide listing cities, villages, and stops along a route, with the distance between each stop. It served as a practical navigation tool since Romans did not use maps for ordinary travel.
Julius Caesar and Mark Antony commissioned the first known empire-wide survey of Roman roads in 44 BCE. Three Greek geographers, Zenodoxus, Theodotus of Byzantium, and Polykleitos the Younger, carried out the work, which took more than 25 years to complete.
The Vicarello Cups are four silver cups dated to the 1st century AD, discovered in 1852 near Bracciano, 37 kilometres northwest of Rome. They are engraved with 104 stations and their distances along the road from Gades (modern Cadiz) to Rome, covering 1,840 Roman miles (2,723.2 km), and are believed to be a votive offering by merchants.
The Bordeaux Itinerary, formally called the Itinerarium Burdigalense, is the written record of a route taken by a pilgrim travelling from Bordeaux in France to the Holy Land in AD 333. It is one of the surviving examples of the ancient itinerarium form.
The term began as a road-distance list derived from Roman milestone data. Over the centuries it expanded to include conquest records such as the Itinerarium Alexandri and, in the medieval period, personal pilgrim travel accounts, most describing journeys to the Holy Land.
The Itinerarium Gaditanum is the scholarly name for the route information engraved on the four Vicarello Cups. It records 104 stations and distances along the road between Gades (modern Cadiz) and Rome, covering a total of 1,840 Roman miles.