Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Italian economic miracle began after World War II and lasted almost uninterrupted until massive strikes and social unrest erupted in 1969 and 1970. The boom ended with the Hot Autumn of 1969 to 1970, which combined with the later 1973 oil crisis gradually cooled the economy.
From 1948 to 1952, Italy received $1.5 billion in assistance through the Marshall Plan that helped jumpstart recovery efforts. This generous aid supported a fragile democracy threatened by the Iron Curtain and a strong Communist party.
Milan, Turin, and Genoa formed the industrial triangle that drove rapid economic growth across Northern Italy. The region placed between Milan and Turin and the seaport of Genoa became the engine of modernization for the country.
Between 1951 and 1963, the Italian economy experienced an average GDP growth rate of 5.8% per year. From 1964 to 1973, the annual growth rate averaged 5.0%, which were rates second only to West German rates within Europe.
Between 1955 and 1971, around 9 million people are estimated to have been involved in inter-regional migrations across Italy. Emigration was especially directed toward factories within the so-called industrial triangle region as families moved northward seeking work.