Short answers, pulled from the story.
The name Isaac literally means he will laugh, which references the laughter of Abraham and Sarah when they heard they would have a son. This name was never changed during his life unlike Abraham who was originally Abram and Jacob who was renamed Israel.
Some Talmudic sages believe Isaac was thirty-seven years old at the time of the Binding based on the timeline of Sarah's death. The event involved Abraham binding Isaac to an altar before an angel stopped him and a ram was sacrificed instead.
Rabbinic literature links Isaac's blindness to the sacrifice on Mount Moriah where the tears of angels fell on his eyes causing his sight to fail. This physical condition shaped the final years of his life and influenced the succession of his family.
Isaac is mentioned seventeen times by name in the Quran often with his father and his son Jacob. He is considered a prophet and a righteous servant of God in Islamic tradition.
Modern scholars suggest the oldest tradition about Isaac dates back to at least the 8th century BCE. Some historians argue the story of Isaac's conflict with Abimelech king of Gerar might have originated in the 7th century BCE.