Short answers, pulled from the story.
The earliest known presence of hominins in Iran dates to around 800,000 years before the present. This deep prehistoric foundation set the stage for the development of agriculture approximately 12,000 years ago. Sites like Chogha Golan and Ganj Dareh witnessed the domestication of emmer wheat and goats respectively.
Cyrus the Great established the Achaemenid Empire, which became the largest-ever Iranian state. The empire fell to Alexander the Great between 334 BC and 331 BC after the battles of Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela. Alexander the Great defeated Darius III and swiftly conquered the Achaemenid Empire by 331 BC.
A referendum held on the 31st of March 1979 approved the transition from a monarchy to an Islamic republic. The vote passed with a massive margin of 99.31% and mandated the creation of an assembly to draft the new theocratic constitution. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became Supreme Leader in December 1979 following this transition.
Mount Damavand is the highest point in Iran and the highest volcano in Asia. It stands at 5,610 meters within the Alborz mountain range. The mountain is located in the populous western Iran region which is the most mountainous part of the country.
Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces, each governed from a local center called the capital of that province. The provincial authority is headed by a governor-general who is appointed by the Minister of the Interior subject to the approval of the cabinet. Each province operates from its largest local city as the administrative center.