Short answers, pulled from the story.
Inuit are the descendants of the Thule people who emerged from the Bering Strait and western Alaska around 1000 CE. They live in four countries including Canada, Greenland, Denmark, and the United States with over 155,000 people total.
Inuit migrants reached west Greenland by 1100 CE and settled in East Greenland during the 12th century. The Dorset culture became completely extinct as a people by about 1400 or 1500 though the Sadlermiut survived until winter 1902 or 1903.
Inuit speak Inupiaq, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Greenlandic languages. In Canada, Inuktitut is an official language of Nunavut and Inuvialuktun and Inuinnaqtun have official status in the Northwest Territories.
The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement was signed on the 25th of May 1993 in Iqaluit. The Canadian Parliament passed supporting legislation in June of the same year enabling the 1999 establishment of Nunavut as a territorial entity.
In 2021 there were 30,865 Inuit living in Nunavut out of a total population of 36,858 residents. Inuit population forms a majority in all communities and is the only jurisdiction of Canada where Indigenous peoples form a majority.
Inuit began to emerge as a political force in the late 1960s and early 1970s forming associations like the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami in 1971. On the 30th of October 2008 Leona Aglukkaq was appointed as Minister of Health becoming the first Inuk to hold a senior cabinet position.