Short answers, pulled from the story.
Henry Dunant arrived in the small Italian town of Solferino on the evening of the 24th of June 1859. He found a battlefield littered with dead and dying soldiers after the Battle of Solferino.
Five men met in Geneva on the 17th of February 1863 to form a Sub-committee including Gustave Moynier, Louis Appia, Théodore Maunoir, Guillaume-Henri Dufour, and Henry Dunant. This group prepared a memorandum for a Welfare Congress to create legally binding rules for war.
The First Geneva Convention established ten articles guaranteeing neutrality for wounded soldiers and field medical personnel. It also defined requirements for national relief societies which began forming immediately in Belgium, Denmark, France, Prussia, Spain, and Württemberg.
The organization failed to obtain an agreement with Nazi Germany regarding concentration camp detainees and abandoned applying pressure to avoid disrupting work with prisoners of war. There was no public condemnation of treatment in concentration camps despite knowing about annihilation plans by November 1942.
Six staff members were killed including Fernanda Calado, Ingeborg Foss, Nancy Malloy, Gunnhild Myklebust, Sheryl Thayer, and Hans Elkerbout. Their murderers have never been caught.