Short answers, pulled from the story.
Carthage mass-produced these warships during the First Punic War. Archaeologists recovered this half-sunken ship from the western tip of Sicily alongside other identical vessels.
Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval issued a royal order in 1765 to standardize French artillery. This directive established precise boring tolerances for solid-cast cannons that allowed thinner walls than hollow-core designs.
Marc Isambard Brunel collaborated with Henry Maudslay to manufacture 130,000 pulley blocks annually by 1808 under Brigadier-General Sir Samuel Bentham. A total of 45 machines performed 22 processes on three different block sizes to meet Royal Navy needs during the Napoleonic War.
Historians Merritt Roe Smith and Robert B. Gordon determined that Whitney never actually achieved true interchangeability. His family arms company succeeded after his death while Charles Fitch credited him with executing the contract using the American System.
Ward Francillon concluded in a study that all clock pieces were fully interchangeable between 1800 and 1807. The Porter Contract called for production of four thousand clocks within three years using jigs and templates for uniform pinions.