Short answers, pulled from the story.
Intel was incorporated on the 18th of July 1968, in Mountain View, California, by Gordon E. Moore, Robert Noyce, and investor Arthur Rock. Moore and Noyce had previously co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor before leaving to start Intel.
Intel's first microprocessor was the Intel 4004, introduced to the mass market on the 15th of November 1971. It was originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a set of chips inside a calculator, and is recognized as the world's first commercially available microprocessor.
In June 1994, Intel engineers discovered a flaw in the Pentium processor's floating-point math unit that caused incorrect results under certain division operations. After mathematician Thomas Nicely posted his independent discovery online on the 30th of October 1994 and The New York Times covered the story, Intel reversed its initial downplaying of the issue and offered to replace every affected chip, resulting in a $475 million charge against its 1994 revenue.
Intel's 10 nm process required up to five or six multi-pattern manufacturing steps, more than the four steps used by competing foundries, making it more complex and harder to yield. Originally planned for 2016, mass-produced 10 nm processors did not reach consumers until the Ice Lake mobile chips in September 2019. Intel later acknowledged that the shrink strategy had been too aggressive.
Pat Gelsinger was effectively ousted by Intel's board on the 1st of December 2024 after directors expressed dissatisfaction with the slow progress of his turnaround strategy. During his tenure, Intel posted a $16.6 billion loss and its share price fell roughly 60% from the time of his appointment in 2021.
In August 2025, the U.S. government purchased 433.3 million Intel shares at $20.47 per share, acquiring a 9.9% equity stake. The investment was structured as purely passive ownership with no board representation or governance rights, and included a five-year warrant to purchase an additional 5% stake under certain conditions.