Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Knights Templar moved their London contingent from Holborn to a new riverside location during the reign of Henry II. This original Temple covered much of what is today the northern part of Chancery Lane.
Wat Tyler and his rebels sacked the Inner Temple during the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, pulling down houses and burning records in the high street. John Stow recorded that the rebels took books from the hatches of law apprentices and carried them into the street before setting them ablaze.
Attacks on the 19th of September and the 26th of September 1940 destroyed the Library clocktower and the Hall respectively during World War II. A series of incendiaries hit the Inn on 10, the 11th of May 1941, destroying the inside of Temple Church, the Hall, the Library, and many sets of barristers' chambers.
The Inner Temple is governed by a Parliament made up of elected Benchers who oversee estates, finances, and internal policy. The Treasurer leads this council and serves a one-year term, with Sir Robert Francis KC holding that role in 2023.
Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru studied law at the Inner Temple before leading India and Pakistan respectively. British Prime Ministers Clement Attlee and George Grenville both held membership alongside the first Prime Minister of Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman.