Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Inner Temple, formally the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, is one of four Inns of Court responsible for training, regulating, and selecting barristers in England and Wales. It is the only body, along with the other three Inns, that can call a person to the Bar and allow them to practice as a barrister. Today it has over 8,000 members.
The precise founding date of the Inner Temple is not known. The society is mentioned in a year book as a distinct entity from at least 1388, though the Knights Templar occupied the site from the reign of Henry II (1154-1189) and the first lawyers arrived during the 13th century.
The Pegasus coat of arms is most commonly credited to Gerard Legh, who documented the 1561 Christmas revels in which Robert Dudley played the role of Prince Pallaphilos, Patron of the Order of the Pegasus. An alternative theory links the symbol to tiles in Temple Church depicting a knight on horseback. The College of Arms confirmed the arms in 1967.
Ivy Williams was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1922, making her the first female barrister in England and Wales.
Bombing on the 19th and the 26th of September 1940 destroyed the Library clocktower and the Hall. On the night of the 10th-the 11th of May 1941, incendiary attacks gutted Temple Church, the Hall, the Library, and many barristers' chambers, with fires burning for another day. The Temple sought £1.5 million from the War Damage Commission in 1944 to fund rebuilding, receiving £1.4 million.
Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, and Mahatma Gandhi were both members of the Inner Temple. Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaqat Ali Khan, was called to the Bar in 1922 by one of his English law professors there. Other members included the first Prime Minister of Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman, the fifth President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, and British Prime Ministers Clement Attlee and George Grenville.