Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Republic of Ingushetia was established on the 4th of June 1992, after the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was split into two separate republics. The Ingush chose to join the newly created Russian Federation rather than follow Chechnya toward independence.
On the 23rd of February 1944, Stalin ordered the deportation of the entire Ingush and Chechen populations to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Siberia in Operation Lentil, falsely accusing them of collaborating with the Nazis. A total of 496,460 people were removed from their homeland, and up to thirty per cent perished during the journey or within the first year of exile. The European Parliament classified the deportation as genocide in 2004.
Ingushetia has the highest life expectancy of any federal subject in Russia, reaching 83.4 years in 2019, which matched the WHO estimate for Switzerland that year. The reasons are not fully explained in available sources, though the republic is described as a Russian "blue zone." This distinction is especially striking given that Ingushetia also has an unemployment rate of around 53 per cent and remains one of Russia's poorest regions.
The name Ingushetia derives from the ancient Ingush village of Angusht, which gave its name to the Ingush people in Russian. The Georgian suffix -eti was then added to form Ingushetia. In their own language, the Ingush call their homeland Ghalghaaichie.
Ruslan Aushev was a pro-Russian general and decorated veteran of the Soviet-Afghan war who served as the first president of Ingushetia from the 10th of November 1992 until the 28th of December 2001. He was appointed to stop the spread of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict that had displaced over 60,000 Ingush civilians from the Prigorodny District. He pursued a determined policy of non-violence that kept Ingushetia largely out of the First Chechen War.
During World War I, 500 Ingush cavalrymen from a regiment of the Wild Division attacked the German Iron Division, destroying it in under an hour and a half during the Brusilov breakthrough in 1915. Tsar Nicholas II described the outcome in a telegram dated the 25th of August 1915, citing 4,500 killed, 3,500 taken prisoner, and 2,500 wounded among the German division.