Short answers, pulled from the story.
Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) is widely credited as the father of industrial engineering. He developed the stopwatch time study, established the first department dedicated to industrial engineering work in 1885, and published The Principles of Scientific Management in 1911, which is considered one of the most influential management books of the 20th century.
Henry Ford (1863-1947) introduced the first moving assembly line, cutting car assembly time from more than 12 hours to one hour and 33 minutes. He also cut the standard six-day workweek to five days and doubled daily pay, creating the 40-hour workweek.
Therbligs are 18 elemental motions developed by Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972) that make up the fundamental motions required for a worker to perform any manual task. They are used in motion studies and form the foundation of the field now known as human factors and ergonomics.
The American Institute of Industrial Engineering was founded in 1948. It provided the profession with an institutional home as ideas about quality management and scientific methods were gaining wide adoption after World War II.
Industrial engineers work across a wide range of industries, including automobile manufacturing, aerospace, healthcare, forestry, finance, leisure, and education. The field has expanded well beyond its manufacturing origins to include supply chain management, healthcare engineering, project management, and service sectors.
The first course on industrial engineering was offered as an elective at Pennsylvania State University in 1908 through the efforts of Hugo Diemer. The first doctoral degree in industrial engineering was awarded by Cornell University in 1933.