Short answers, pulled from the story.
English ethnologist George Windsor Earl proposed the term Indonesia in 1850 for the inhabitants of the Indian Archipelago. His student James Richardson Logan subsequently used Indonesia as a synonym in the same publication.
The Dutch East India Company dissolved in 1800 after which its possessions were transferred to the Dutch state as the Dutch East Indies. Consolidation of colonial rule over Indonesia's modern boundaries was largely completed only in the early 20th century.
The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 had global climatic effects making much of the Northern Hemisphere without summer in 1816. Around 74,000 BCE a massive supervolcano erupted at present-day Lake Toba possibly influencing human evolution.
Major General Suharto assumed the presidency in 1968 establishing a US-backed New Order military dictatorship. This regime fostered foreign direct investment and drove three decades of substantial economic growth until his rule ended following the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Around 130 volcanoes are classified as active stretching from Sumatra through Java Bali and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Recent catastrophic disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.