Short answers, pulled from the story.
The year 1193 marked the establishment of Delhi as the capital of the Ghurid dynasty, initiating a profound architectural shift across the Indian subcontinent. Before this moment, Hindu temple architecture relied heavily on corbelled arches and avoided domes entirely.
The towering Qutb Minar minaret reached 73 meters with four original stages, standing alongside the Alai Darwaza gatehouse completed in 1311. This gatehouse introduced bold contrasting colors using red sandstone and white marble, substituting for the polychrome tiles common in Persia.
Their main mosque at Kalaburagi featured seventy-five small domes surrounding one large central dome above the mihrab. Architects imported glazed tiles directly from Iran to decorate interiors, creating a visual language different from northern India.
Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, constructed between 1569 and 1570, stands as the first fully developed Mughal imperial mausoleum. The Taj Mahal rose above a reflecting pool within a large walled garden, serving as the culmination of earlier garden tomb concepts.
Awadh became a center of Ganga-Jamuni culture where Nawabs sponsored masterpieces like the Bara Imambara and Rumi Darwaza built in Lucknow in 1784. These structures often combined Indo-Saracenic and Mughal styles to reflect both local traditions and imperial grandeur.
The Victorian revival style known as Indo-Saracenic architecture began developing from the 1840s until independence a century later. British or European architects designed most of these buildings, adopting Islamic features as decorative skins on essential Western forms.