Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Indian National Congress was founded on the 28th of December 1885, with its first session held in Bombay from 28 to the 31st of December 1885 at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College. Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, organised the meeting with the approval of Viceroy Lord Dufferin, and Umesh Chandra Banerjee served as the first president.
Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant known for his pro-Indian activities, organised the first session. He assumed the role of General Secretary, while Umesh Chandra Banerjee was appointed as the first president. The session was attended by 72 delegates, the majority being lawyers representing each province of India.
Gandhi returned from South Africa in 1915 and joined Congress, bringing a strategy of civil disobedience known as Satyagraha. He became Congress president in 1924 and broadened the party's base beyond educated elites to include farmers, labourers, and people of diverse religious and linguistic backgrounds. His 1942 Quit India call from Bombay was one of the most significant acts of mass mobilisation against British rule.
The Emergency was a state of emergency declared on the 25th of June 1975 and lasting until the 21st of March 1977, after the High Court of Allahabad voided Indira Gandhi's election to the Lok Sabha on grounds of electoral malpractice. During the nineteen-month period, widespread oppression and abuse of power occurred, particularly by Gandhi's son Sanjay Gandhi and his associates.
Indira Gandhi was shot on the 31st of October 1984 by two of her own bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, in the garden of the prime ministerial residence. They acted in response to her authorisation of Operation Blue Star, the military operation in June 1984 that sent the Indian Army into the Golden Temple in Amritsar to remove Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers.
The Congress government under P. V. Narasimha Rao launched reforms in 1991 known as the New Economic Policy, or LPG reforms, implemented to avert an impending economic crisis. Finance Minister Manmohan Singh oversaw the dismantling of the Licence Raj, opened India to foreign investment, reformed capital markets, deregulated domestic business, and restructured the trade regime. These reforms are the reason Rao is widely called the "Father of Indian economic reforms".