Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Indian National Congress was established on the 28th of December 1885 inside Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. Seventy-two delegates gathered for this meeting which was organized by Allan Octavian Hume with approval from Viceroy Lord Dufferin.
Early leaders like Umesh Chandra Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Romesh Chunder Dutt focused on constitutional reforms rather than immediate independence. They demanded the abolition of the India Council in London and the creation of legislative councils for provinces such as Sindh and Awadh to obtain greater government share for educated Indians.
Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa in 1915 to join the party and organized three major struggles between 1917 and 1918 known as Champaran Satyagraha, Ahmedabad Mill Strike, and Kheda Satyagraha. He later became president in 1924 and attracted support from figures like Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Jawaharlal Nehru to declare complete independence at the 1929 Lahore session.
The State of Emergency began on the 25th of June 1975 after the High Court of Allahabad declared her election void on the 12th of June 1975 due to electoral malpractice. The period officially ended on the 21st of March 1977 when widespread oppression occurred under the direction of her son Sanjay Gandhi before she lost the parliamentary elections held in March 1977.
P. V. Narasimha Rao was elected prime minister in June 1991 after succeeding Rajiv Gandhi and personally oversaw the dismantling of the Licence Raj which had restricted business operations since 1947. He employed Manmohan Singh as finance minister to implement historic economic changes involving International Monetary Fund policies to transition the economy from a socialist model to a market economy.