Short answers, pulled from the story.
Joseph Swan developed a working incandescent light bulb using carbonized paper filaments in 1850. He successfully demonstrated his lamp on the 3rd of February 1879 at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society.
Thomas Edison filed his US patent application for an electric lamp using a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires on the 4th of November 1879. The patent was granted on the 27th of January 1880.
Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. These bulbs are often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries.
A 60 W tungsten incandescent light bulb operating at 120 V has an overall luminous efficiency of 2.1% and produces 14.5 lumens per watt. Less than 5% of the power consumed is converted into visible light while the rest is emitted as invisible infrared radiation.
Measures banning incandescent light bulbs were implemented by governments including the European Union, United States, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and Australia. The European Commission calculated that these bans contribute to saving 40 TWh of electricity every year.