Short answers, pulled from the story.
The House of Commons of England took its distinct form in 1341, when the Commons met separately from the nobility and clergy for the first time during the reign of Edward III. Its earlier roots trace to the Model Parliament of 1295, when Edward I established the settled practice of summoning borough and county representatives.
Peter de la Mare is associated with the creation of the Speaker’s office. During the Good Parliament of 1376, he was appointed to convey the Commons’ complaints to the Lords and to lead the impeachment of royal ministers. He was imprisoned for his actions but released after Edward III died, and in 1377 became the second speaker of the Commons.
Pride’s Purge, carried out in December 1648, was the New Model Army’s forcible removal of unacceptable members from the House of Commons. It is historically significant as the only military coup in English history. The purged Parliament that remained approved the execution of Charles I and abolished the House of Lords before being dissolved by Oliver Cromwell in 1653.
The House of Commons of England was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain following the Act of Union of 1707, which united England and Scotland. That body was in turn replaced in 1801 by the House of Commons of the United Kingdom when Great Britain and Ireland were united.
Two European cities held borough constituencies in the House of Commons while under English rule. Calais was represented between 1372 and 1558, and Tournai, now in Belgium, held a seat between 1513 and 1519. Both were originally annexed from France and later ceded back to it.
The Reformation Parliament, convened by Henry VIII after Cardinal Wolsey failed to secure a royal divorce, sat from 1529 to 1536 and passed laws covering all aspects of national life, particularly religious matters previously reserved to the church. Acting under Henry VIII and his minister Thomas Cromwell, Parliament acquired broad legal competence over the full range of affairs affecting the realm.