Short answers, pulled from the story.
The House of Commons of England first met separately from nobility and clergy in 1341 during the reign of Edward III. This formal division created a distinct lower house within Parliament for the first time.
Rebel leader Simon de Montfort summoned representatives from major towns to his parliament in 1265. This gathering occurred during the Second Barons' War following his victory at the Battle of Lewes.
The House of Commons of England ceased to exist when replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain in 1707. The Bill of Rights enacted in 1689 limited royal authority and established parliamentary supremacy over taxation and legislation before this transition.
Calais between 1372 and 1558 plus Tournai from 1513 until 1519 were two European cities that represented borough constituencies while under English control. That second city now lies within modern Belgium boundaries.
Commons members gained recognition for establishing a single voice representing all Commons members through actions like those of Peter de la Mare during the Good Parliament of 1376. De la Mare conveyed complaints about heavy taxes and demanded an accounting of royal expenditures while criticizing military management by King Edward III.