Short answers, pulled from the story.
House music was created in Chicago in the early 1980s by DJs and producers from the city's queer Black underground club culture. Frankie Knuckles, Ron Hardy, Jesse Saunders, Chip E., Marshall Jefferson, and others are among its primary pioneers. Knuckles, who held a residency at the Warehouse club from 1977 to 1982, is widely referred to as the "godfather of house".
The origin of the name is contested. One account traces it to a sign reading "we play house music" in a South Side Chicago bar window. Another links it to record bins at the Importes Etc. store labeled "As Heard at the Warehouse", shortened to "House". DJ Leonard "Remix" Rroy also claimed credit for inventing the term, and Farley "Jackmaster" Funk recalled Rroy introducing the phrase to him in 1982.
House music is built around electronic drum machines, most notably the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and TR-707, running at tempos between 120 and 130 beats per minute. The Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer defines acid house through its squelchy sound. Synthesizer riffs, deep basslines, and sampled or spoken vocals are also characteristic elements.
"On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, is sometimes cited as the first house record. It featured the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, a Roland TR-808 drum machine, and a Korg Poly-61 synthesizer. Other tracks from around the same period, such as J.M. Silk's "Music is the Key" from 1985, have also been put forward as candidates.
The first house hit in the UK charts was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around", which reached number 10 in September 1986. Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" became the first house track to reach number one in the UK singles chart in January 1987.
Acid house is a rougher, more abstract subgenre of house defined by the squelchy sound of the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer. Its origin on vinyl is generally traced to Phuture's "Acid Tracks" on Trax Records in 1987. Phuture, founded by Nathan "DJ Pierre" Jones, Earl "Spanky" Smith Jr., and Herbert "Herb J" Jackson, is credited as the first group to use the TB-303 in a house context.