Short answers, pulled from the story.
The history of technology is the history of human invention of tools and techniques, ranging from simple stone tools to genetic engineering and information technology that has emerged since the 1980s. The earliest stone tools, the Lomekwi technology, date back 3.3 million years ago.
The word technology comes from the Greek words techne, meaning art and craft, and logos, meaning word and speech. It was first used to describe applied arts but now describes advancements and changes that affect the environment around us.
Leslie White argued that the measure of cultural evolution is energy, since the primary function of culture is to harness and control energy. He described five stages of human development, from muscle power to domesticated animals, plant energy, coal, oil, and gas, and finally nuclear energy, and proposed the formula P equals E over T.
Mesopotamians have been credited with inventing the wheel. The wheel and axle first appeared with the potter's wheel in Mesopotamia during the 5th millennium BC, leading to the wheeled vehicle in the early 4th millennium BC.
China contributed paper, the compass, the rudder, the crossbow, cast iron, and gunpowder, among many firsts. China also developed deep-well drilling as deep as 900 meters to extract brine for salt and tap natural gas, and invented the solid-fuel rocket about 1150.
The Human Genome Project began on the 1st of October 1990, and was declared complete in 2003. It sequenced and identified all three billion chemical units in human DNA, using DNA sequencing invented by Frederick Sanger and, separately, by Dr. Walter Gilbert in the late 1970s.