Short answers, pulled from the story.
The earliest human remains found in Australia, known as Mungo Man, date back approximately 40,000 years. The ancestors of Indigenous Australians may have arrived as far back as 125,000 years ago, long before Neanderthals roamed Europe.
The Lapita people appeared in the Bismarck Archipelago of northwest Melanesia around 1400 BCE and spread 6,000 kilometres eastwards to reach Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa by 1000 BCE. They are named after their distinctive pottery tradition and their archaeological remains have been found as far east as Samoa.
The Saudeleur Dynasty centralized rule over Pohnpei from approximately 1100 to 1628. The dynasty ended with the invasion of Isokelekel, a semi-mythical foreigner who replaced the Saudeleur rule with the more decentralized nahnmwarki system that exists today.
Captain James Cook was struck on the head by a villager and then stabbed to death on the 14th of February 1779 at Kealakekua Bay on Hawaii Island. The confrontation began when Hawaiians stole one of Cook's small boats and escalated into violence that resulted in the deaths of four of Cook's men.
The Samoan Crisis of 1887 to 1889 was a confrontation standoff between the United States, Imperial Germany, and the British Empire over control of the Samoan Islands. The crisis resulted in the partition of the Samoan Islands into American Samoa and German Samoa via the Tripartite Convention of 1899.
The attack on Pearl Harbor on the 7th of December 1941 was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base. The Kokoda Track campaign was a series of battles fought between July and November 1942 between Japanese and Allied forces in what was then the Australian territory of Papua.