Short answers, pulled from the story.
The territory now known as England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago. Archaeologists discovered stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk that prove this early presence.
Emperor Claudius began the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43 with four legions landing in Kent. Four legions defeated armies led by Caratacus and Togodumnus of the Catuvellauni tribe along the Medway and Thames rivers.
Genetic testing reveals that English Y DNA shows signs of mass immigration affecting 50% to 100% of the male gene pool in central England. A study published in 2002 found continental Germanic ancestry ranging from 20% to 45% in southern England.
William of Normandy invaded England on the 28th of September 1066 during what historians call the Norman Conquest. Harold Godwinson's exhausted army was defeated at the Battle of Hastings on October 14 where Harold himself died.
Henry Tudor returned from exile landing in Wales in summer 1485 defeating Richard III at Bosworth Field on August 22. He married Elizabeth of York uniting houses of York and Lancaster ending Wars of Roses that lasted thirty years.