Short answers, pulled from the story.
Canada became a self-governing Dominion on the 1st of July 1867, when the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were united under the British North America Act, 1867. Canada achieved full legal independence from Britain when the Constitution Act, 1982 was proclaimed on the 17th of April 1982.
Indigenous peoples have inhabited the lands of present-day Canada for thousands of years, having migrated from Siberia across the Bering land bridge during the last glacial period. Archaeological sites at locations such as Haida Gwaii, Old Crow Flats, and the Bluefish Caves represent some of the earliest known Paleo-Indian settlements in Canada.
The Expulsion of the Acadians, also known as le Grand Dérangement, was the forced removal of approximately 12,000 Acadians from their lands ordered by the British in 1755 during the French and Indian War. Acadians were shipped to destinations across British North America, France, Quebec, and the French Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue; many of those who settled in southern Louisiana gave rise to Cajun culture.
Samuel de Champlain was a French geographer who founded Quebec City in 1608, making it the capital of New France. He was the first known European to encounter Lake Champlain in 1609 and by 1615 had explored by canoe as far as Huron country near Lake Simcoe. He also landed at Saint John Harbour on the 24th of June 1604, and the city of Saint John, New Brunswick, takes its name from that date.
Canada was severely affected by the Great Depression that began in 1929. Between 1929 and 1933, Canada's gross national product dropped 40 per cent, unemployment reached 27 per cent by 1933, and Canadian exports shrank by 50%. Wheat prices collapsed from 78 cents per bushel on the 1928 crop to 29 cents in 1932, and construction fell by 82 per cent over the same period.
According to Iroquois oral tradition, the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) was formed in 1142 CE. The Five Nations were centred from at least 1000 CE in northern New York, with their influence extending into what is now southern Ontario and the Montreal area of modern Quebec.