Short answers, pulled from the story.
The history of Asia is the collective history of East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Asia. It began with some of the world's first civilizations, including Chinese and Indian civilization, along with the Mesopotamian, Ancient Egyptian, and Indus Valley cultures that developed around fertile river valleys conducive to agriculture.
Lahuradewa in India is the earliest Neolithic site in all of South Asia. Archaeologist Rakesh Tewari reported carbon-14 datings there ranging between 9000 and 8000 BC, associated with rice.
Around 321 BC Chandragupta Maurya, advised by Chanakya, overthrew the Nanda dynasty and established the Maurya Empire. It became one of the world's largest empires of its time, and his grandson Ashoka, who ruled from 268 to 232 BC, expanded it across almost the entire subcontinent before converting to Buddhism.
The Han dynasty, which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD, is considered a golden age in Chinese history. China's majority ethnic group still calls itself the Han Chinese, and the dynasty traded silk along the Silk Road with the Persian Empire and the Romans.
Islam emerged in Arabia under Muhammad in Medina after the Byzantine and Sassanian empires were weakened by the war of 602 to 628. The Rashidun army, led by commanders such as Khalid ibn al-Walid, swept through much of the Middle East, taking Syria and Egypt and engulfing Persia.
The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. In 1271 Kublai Khan declared himself Emperor of China and established the Yuan dynasty, ruling from a new capital at Khanbaliq, modern-day Beijing.
The three Kingdoms of Korea were Goguryeo in the north, Baekje in the southwest, and Silla in the southeast, and they acted as a bridge of cultures between China and Japan. Silla eventually unified the peninsula after defeating both the Tang dynasty's invasion and its rival kingdoms.