Short answers, pulled from the story.
Hermann Weyl was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist, logician and philosopher who lived from the 9th of November 1885 to the 8th of December 1955. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century and an important early member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
The Weyl equation is an equation Hermann Weyl proposed in 1929 as a replacement for the Dirac equation, and it describes massless fermions. A normal Dirac fermion can be split into two Weyl fermions or formed from two of them.
Weyl fermions are massless fermions described by the Weyl equation, and they are sought after for electronics applications. Quasiparticles that behave as Weyl fermions were discovered in 2015 in crystals called Weyl semimetals, a type of topological material.
Hermann Weyl left Gottingen when the Nazis assumed power in 1933, particularly because his wife was Jewish. He had earlier declined a position at the Institute for Advanced Study because he did not want to leave his homeland, but accepted as the political situation worsened.
Hermann Weyl earned his doctorate at the University of Gottingen under the supervision of David Hilbert, whom he greatly admired. At ETH Zurich he was a colleague of Albert Einstein, and in 1921 he met and became close friends with Erwin Schrodinger.
In 1918 Hermann Weyl introduced the notion of gauge and gave the first example of what is now known as a gauge theory. It was an unsuccessful attempt to model the electromagnetic field and the gravitational field as geometrical properties of spacetime.
Hermann Weyl was cremated in Zurich on the 12th of December 1955, and his ashes remained in private hands until 1999, when they were interred in an outdoor columbarium vault in the Princeton Cemetery. His son Michael Weyl is interred right next to him in the same vault.