Short answers, pulled from the story.
Henry Kissinger was born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on the 27th of May, 1923, in Fürth, Bavaria, in Weimar Germany. He and his family fled Nazi persecution and arrived in New York City on the 5th of September, 1938, when Kissinger was 15 years old.
Kissinger served as the 7th national security advisor from 1969 to 1975 and as the 56th United States secretary of state from 1973 to 1977, both under President Richard Nixon. He continued as secretary of state under President Gerald Ford until 1977.
Kissinger was jointly awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize with Le Duc Tho for negotiating the Paris Peace Accords, which established a ceasefire and U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam. The award was the most controversial in the prize's history to that point; two members of the Nobel Committee resigned in protest. Tho declined the prize entirely, and Kissinger donated his prize money to the children of American service members killed or missing in Indochina, then attempted to return his medal after the Fall of Saigon in 1975.
Kissinger made two trips to the People's Republic of China in July and October 1971, the first conducted in secret, to meet with Premier Zhou Enlai. He negotiated the terms that paved the way for the landmark 1972 summit between Nixon, Zhou, and Mao Zedong, ending 23 years of diplomatic isolation. Full normalization of U.S.-China relations did not occur until 1979.
Critics accused Kissinger of war crimes related to the U.S. bombing of Cambodia, which scholars linked to the deaths of between 50,000 and 150,000 civilians. He was also associated with U.S. support for the 1973 Chilean coup, the Argentine military junta's Dirty War, the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975, and Pakistan's actions during the Bangladesh Liberation War, all of which involved mass civilian deaths or political repression.
Kissinger founded the consulting firm Kissinger Associates in 1982 with a loan from E.M. Warburg, Pincus and Company, and ran it until his death. He taught at Georgetown University's Edmund Walsh School of Foreign Service in the late 1970s, authored over a dozen books, and continued advising U.S. presidents of both parties. He also served as chancellor of the College of William and Mary from 2000 to 2005 and co-founded the Nuclear Threat Initiative with William Perry, Sam Nunn, and George Shultz.