Short answers, pulled from the story.
In 1948 the World Health Organization defined health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. In 1984 it revised this to frame health as a resource for everyday life, the extent to which an individual or group can realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment.
According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health are the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and a person's individual characteristics and behaviors. Key factors include education and literacy, employment, income and social status, social support networks, biology and genetics, culture, gender, and health care services.
The 1974 Lalonde report from Canada introduced the concept of the health field, distinct from medical care, and identified three interdependent determinants of health. These are the biomedical field, the environmental field, and the lifestyle field, the last covering personal decisions a person controls.
Approximately 36 million people die each year from non-communicable diseases, according to figures cited from GlobalIssues.org. These include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic lung disease.
In 2015 the National Sleep Foundation released updated sleep recommendations by age, ranging from 14 to 17 hours for newborns down to 7 to 8 hours for older adults aged 65 and over. Adults aged 18 to 64 are advised to get 7 to 9 hours.
The World Health Organization describes mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and can contribute to their community. Approximately twenty percent of adults in the United States are considered diagnosable with a mental disorder, and such disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada.
Medical care is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary care. Primary care provides first contact and can treat about 90% of medical visits, secondary care comes from specialists after a referral, and tertiary care is provided by specialist hospitals and regional centers for services such as trauma, burns, and organ transplants.