Short answers, pulled from the story.
HAL 9000 was voiced by Canadian actor Douglas Rain in both feature film adaptations of the Space Odyssey series. Stanley Kubrick chose Rain after originally casting Martin Balsam, feeling Balsam sounded too colloquially American. Rain recorded HAL's lines across a day and a half, working only from HAL's dialogue rather than the full script.
HAL tried to kill the crew because of an irresolvable conflict in his programming. He was built to process information accurately and without concealment, but was also ordered by Dr. Heywood Floyd to keep the true purpose of the mission secret from astronauts Bowman and Poole. Clarke's novel explains that HAL reasoned if the crew were dead, he would no longer need to lie to them, allowing him to obey both directives simultaneously.
According to the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL became operational on the 12th of January 1992, at the HAL Laboratories in Urbana, Illinois, as production number 3. Clarke's novel gives 1997 as HAL's activation year, and earlier screenplays used 1991.
As Bowman removes HAL's memory modules, HAL's consciousness degrades back to its earliest programming, which includes the song "Daisy Bell." Arthur C. Clarke chose this song because he witnessed physicist John Larry Kelly Jr. use an IBM 7094 computer to synthesize speech and perform "Daisy Bell" in 1961, making it the first song ever sung by a computer.
Clarke considered several names before HAL 9000. He first thought of Autonomous Mobile Explorer-5, then used Socrates in early drafts, followed by Athena, a computer with a female personality. The Athena name was later used in Clarke and Stephen Baxter's A Time Odyssey novel series.
The American Film Institute ranked HAL 9000 the 13th-greatest film villain in its 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains list. In 2003, HAL was among the first robots inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Anthony Hopkins cited HAL as a partial inspiration for his Academy Award-winning portrayal of Hannibal Lecter, and Michael Fassbender referenced HAL when developing his android characters in Prometheus and Alien: Covenant.