Short answers, pulled from the story.
Christopher Columbus landed on the northeastern coast of Hispaniola on the 6th of December 1492. He named the area Môle-Saint-Nicolas after his ship, the Santa María, ran aground near what is now Cap-Haïtien.
Slave armies established in northern Haiti under Toussaint Louverture led a full-blown rebellion against French control. Leaders declared independence from France on the 1st of January 1804 in Gonaïves, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaimed himself Emperor Jacques I.
President Jean-Pierre Boyer agreed to pay 150 million francs for formal recognition of independence under pressure from King Charles X of France. This amount equals approximately $560 million in today's dollars, and the country did not finish repaying the debt until 1947.
U.S. Marines entered Port-au-Prince in July 1915 following riots sparked by the execution of 167 political prisoners. Marine Corps commandants reported death tolls ranging from 2,250 to 3,250 Haitians killed during active unrest during Senate hearings in 1921.
A subsequent massive cholera outbreak was triggered when waste from a United Nations peacekeeping station contaminated the Artibonite river. By 2017, roughly 10,000 Haitians had died and nearly a million had been made ill due to this contamination.