Short answers, pulled from the story.
Iraqi tanks crossed into Kuwait City on the 2nd of August 1990 following false accusations that Kuwait was stealing oil from Iraq's Rumaila field. Economic disputes also fueled the conflict because Iraq owed Kuwait $14 billion from the Iran, Iraq War and demanded debt forgiveness.
Operation Desert Shield began on the 7th of August 1990 when US troops entered Saudi Arabia after King Fahd requested American military assistance. Military buildup reached 543,000 troops within months which was twice the number used in the 2003 invasion.
The air campaign began on the 16th of January 1991 with extensive bombing of Iraq and lasted for seven weeks while coalition forces flew over 100,000 sorties. The coalition suffered only 75 aircraft losses including 44 losses due to Iraqi action and two losses resulting from aircraft colliding with the ground.
The ground campaign began on the 24th of February 1991 liberating Kuwait and lasted one hundred hours before a ceasefire was declared. Coalition forces advanced into Iraqi territory and destroyed approximately 396 Iraqi artillery pieces along with 357 tanks and 147 armored personnel carriers.
A young woman identified as a nurse working in a Kuwait City hospital fabricated the story about Iraqi soldiers pulling babies out of incubators. She was later found to be a member of Kuwait's royal family and the daughter of Kuwait's ambassador to the US who had not lived in Kuwait during the invasion.
The Iraqi government suppressed uprisings until the 5th of April 1991 when coalition countries established two no-fly zones over Iraq's north and south. Environmental damage included over six hundred oil well fires set by Iraqi forces which created the largest oil spill in history until that point.