Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Gulf War was a 1990-1991 armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States. The coalition's largest contributors were the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and Egypt, and it was the broadest military alliance since World War II.
Iraq invaded Kuwait on the 2nd of August 1990 over disputes including Kuwait's alleged slant-drilling into the Rumaila oil field and Iraq's $14 billion debt to Kuwait from the Iran-Iraq War. Iraq also accused Kuwait of overproducing oil and driving the price down to as low as ten dollars a barrel.
The air campaign began on the 17th of January 1991 and the ground assault launched on the 24th of February 1991. The coalition halted its advance after one hundred hours and declared a ceasefire, with combat operations ending on the 28th of February 1991.
The Gulf War earned the nickname Video Game War because of daily broadcasts of images from cameras mounted on American military aircraft. It also introduced live news broadcasts from the front lines, principally by the American network CNN.
No, the incubator testimony was a fabrication arranged by the public relations firm Hill & Knowlton, hired for about $11 million by Kuwait's government. The young woman who testified as a nurse was a member of Kuwait's royal family and the daughter of Kuwait's ambassador to the United States, and she had not lived in Kuwait during the invasion.
Gulf War syndrome was an illness reported by over 40% of US veterans of the conflict. US bombing and demolition of Iraqi chemical weapons facilities were concluded to be its primary cause.