Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first evidence of human habitation in Guatemala dates to 12,000 BC. Archaeological sites like Sipacate and Escuintla on the central Pacific coast reveal early hunter-gatherer communities.
Many cities in the central lowlands were abandoned or their inhabitants died during drought-induced famines. Lakebeds and ancient pollen samples support theories about prolonged droughts decimating populations reliant on regular rainfall.
Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado launched a military campaign into the Guatemalan highlands under Hernán Cortés appointment. He initially allied with the Kaqchikel Maya to defeat their rivals, the K'iche' (Quiché) Maya before establishing Villa de Santiago de Guatemala in 1524.
Gabino Gainza Fernandez de Medrano and Captaincy General of Guatemala proclaimed independence from Spain at public meeting in Guatemala City on the 15th of September 1821. Independence gained and Captaincy General joined First Mexican Empire under Agustín de Iturbide.
Dwight D. Eisenhower authorized CIA carry out Operation PBSuccess August 1953. Force invaded Guatemala the 18th of June 1954 backed heavy campaign psychological warfare including bombings Guatemala City anti-Árbenz radio station claiming genuine news.